LSM statement on COP 28
The outcome of the first global stocktake underscores the alarming reality of insufficient efforts to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Meeting the 1.5 °C target demands substantial and swift cuts, with a 43% reduction by 2030 and 60% by 2035, reaching net zero carbon dioxide emissions by 2050.
Regrettably, the resolution lacks a decisive plan for the crucial 43% reduction in GHG emissions. It focuses on merely scaling down, not phasing out, unabated coal power, omitting major emitters like oil and gas[1]. Acknowledging the role of transition fuels introduces ambiguity, allowing countries to redefine them without a clear commitment.[2]
While recognising the need for an equitable transition from fossil fuels, the agreement’s effectiveness is diluted by the absence of a phase-out plan for oil and gas and the ambiguous definition of transition fuels. The outcome fails to address the climate crisis with the seriousness it warrants, echoing Pope Francis’s concerns about poor implementation and lack of oversight in previous accords.[3]
The indefinite absence of a deadline for phasing out inefficient fossil fuel subsidies, particularly those failing to tackle energy poverty or ensure just transitions, leaves ample space for ongoing investments in the industry. The commitment merely stipulates action “as soon as possible,”[4] disregarding the International Energy Agency’s recommendation that there is no scope for new oil and gas expansion beyond existing fields and mines. Addressing the climate crisis necessitates a comprehensive, swift, equitable, and adequately funded phase-out of oil, gas, and coal, according to the statement.
The influence of oil-producing states on COP 28 is evident in the absence of a phase-out commitment for oil and gas. The agreement lacks a robust framework for implementing a just energy transition, as emphasised in Laudate Deum. Despite an agreement on a just transition, the fluidity of the COP 28 agreement overlooks crucial details for its practical implementation. It has taken 30 years to get a fossil fuel transition into a COP agreement, but this is a little too late without a binding plan, says the statement.
The commitment to finance a just energy transition is obscured by vague language lacking specific financial figures.[5] The pledged annual USD 100 billion for a just energy transition remains unfulfilled, missing the 2020 target due to challenges in securing funds from private sources. Despite this shortfall, recognition and appreciation are expressed for the ongoing efforts of developed countries as they work towards collectively mobilising the committed USD 100 billion per year. [6]
Amidst these challenges, hope emerges from nations advocating for a Fossil Fuel Non-Proliferation Treaty (FFNPT) as a complement to the Paris Agreement.
In a noteworthy development at COP 28, three states, with Colombia among them, demonstrated support for the call to establish a Fossil Fuel Non-Proliferation Treaty (FFNPT).
As of today, 12 states have officially endorsed the call for a Fossil Fuel Non-Proliferation Treaty, a proposal championed by small island nations. This signifies a significant and positive shift towards prioritising ecological interests over economic considerations tied to dependence on oil and gas. The proactive stance of people of faith and civil society advocating for such a treaty, underscores the strength and influence of people in shaping global initiatives.
Despite the absence of Pope Francis’s direct participation at COP 28, the resonance of his apostolic exhortation, Laudate Deum, persists as an urgent plea. The encyclical emphasises that much more can still be achieved, a sentiment that was not fully realised at COP 28. The statement says that the disparity between the aspirations articulated in Laudate Deum, and the outcomes of COP 28 underscores the imperative for sustained commitment and action to address the climate crisis. Individuals can play a vital role by divesting from the fossil fuel industry, signalling a collective push for change. Additionally, advocating for the establishment of a Fossil Fuel Non-Proliferation Treaty is crucial to advancing global efforts in mitigating the impact of fossil fuel consumption on the environment, according to the statement.
_________
[1] Para 28 (b). Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement Fifth session, United Arab Emirates, 30 November to 12 December 2023 Agenda item 4. First global stocktake.
[2] Para 29. Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement Fifth session, United Arab Emirates, 30 November to 12 December 2023 Agenda item 4. First global stocktake.
[3] Para 52 Laudate Deum
[4] Para 28 (h). Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement. Fifth session, United Arab Emirates, 30 November to 12 December 2023 Agenda item 4. First global stocktake.
[5] Para 69. Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement. Fifth session, United Arab Emirates, 30 November to 12 December 2023 Agenda item 4. First global stocktake.
[6] Para 80. Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement. Fifth session, United Arab Emirates, 30 November to 12 December 2023 Agenda item 4. First global stocktake.